Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common, progressive tachyarrhythmia is associated with serious complications, such as stroke and heart failure. Early recognition of AF, essential to prevent disease progression and therapy failure, is hampered by the lack of accurate diagnostic serum biomarkers to identify the AF stage. As we previously showed mitochondrial dysfunction to drive experimental and human AF, we evaluated whether cell–free circulating mitochondrial DNA (cfc-mtDNA) represents a potential serum marker.
Therefore, the levels of two mtDNA genes, COX3 and ND1, were measured in 84 control patients (C), 59 patients undergoing cardiac surgery without a history of AF (SR), 100 paroxysmal (PAF), 116 persistent (PeAF), and 20 longstanding-persistent (LS-PeAF) AF patients undergoing either cardiac surgery or AF treatment (electrical cardioversion or pulmonary vein isolation).
YLKKIKNSL, P. falciparum circumsporozoite (CSP 334-342) polypeptide |
CSPF15-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
Mouse p/CIP/p300 Control/blocking peptide # 1 |
CIP11-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 164 |
Mouse p/CIP/p300 Control/blocking peptide # 2 |
CIP12-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 164 |
LEYYLREKAKMAGTLIIPES, P. vivax PvMSP-1 peptide 19 (378-397) |
MSPV11-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 164 |
SKDQIKKLTSLKNKLERRQN, P. vivax PvMSP-1 peptide 53 (1058-1077) |
MSPV12-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 164 |
NFVGKFLELQIPGHTDLLHL, P. vivax PvMSP-1 peptide 4 (78-97) |
MSPV13-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 164 |
FNQLMHVINFHYDLLRANVH, P. vivax PvMSP-1 peptide 6 (118-137) |
MSPV14-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 164 |
LDMLKKVVLGLWKPLDNIKD, P. vivax PvMSP-1 peptide 8 (158-177) |
MSPV15-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 164 |
KIYNRNIVNRLLGD, P-yoelii circumsporozoite protein (57?70), PyCSP (57?70) peptide |
CSPY11-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
SYVPSAEQI, P-yoelii circumsporozoite protein (280?288), PyCSP (280?288) peptide |
CSPY12-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
DELFNELLNSVDVNGENILEESQ, P. falciparum Liver-Stage Antigen 3-NRI (LSA3-NRI) peptide |
LSPF32-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
VTHESYQELVKKLEALEDAV, MSP-1 P1, peptide of P. falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 |
MSPF11-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 225 |
GYRKPLDNIKDNVGKMEDYIKK, MSP-1 P2, peptide of P. falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 |
MSPF12-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 225 |
KLNSLNNPHNVLQNFSVFFNK, MSP-1 P3, peptide of P. falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1 |
MSPF131-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 225 |
LEESQVNDDIFNSLVKSVQQEQQHNV, P. falciparum Liver-Stage Antigen 3-NRII, LSA3-NRII (81-106) peptide |
LSPF31-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
Flg22 peptide (30-51 aa, Flic, P. aeruginosa), pure |
FLG22-P-1 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
Flg22 peptide (30-51 aa, Flic, P. aeruginosa), pure |
FLG22-P-5 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
5 mg |
EUR 651 |
(DRADGQPAG) 3 peptide (repeat-sequence peptide of the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein, CSP), pure |
DRAD31-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 408 |
Mouse beta-Defensin 1 full length (37 aa, oxidized) peptide; note replaces MBD12-P |
MBD14-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 286 |
(PPPPNPPND)3 peptide (repeat-sequence peptide of the P. berghei circumsporozoite protein, CSP), pure |
PPPP312-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 408 |
(PAPPNAAND)3 peptide (repeat-sequence peptide of the P. berghei circumsporozoite protein, CSP), pure |
PAPP311-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 408 |
(DRAAGQPAG)3 (repeat-sequence peptide of the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein, CSP) control/blocking peptide |
DRAA31-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 164 |
Simian virus 5 (starin W3) P/V Control/blocking peptide |
AB-23077-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100ug |
EUR 164 |
(NANP)5 peptide (repeat-sequence peptide of the P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein, CSP) control/blocking peptide |
NANP51-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 347 |
(PPPPNAND)3 peptide (repeat-sequence peptide of the P. berghei circumsporozoite protein, CSP) control/blocking peptide |
PPPP321-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 164 |
(NANP)10 (40-aa NANP repeat-sequence peptide of the P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein, CSP) peptide, pure |
NANP101-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
0.5 mg |
EUR 529 |
(NVDP)4 peptide (minor repeat-sequence peptide of the P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein, CSP) control/blocking peptide |
NVDP41-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 164 |
Mouse beta-Defensin 3 full length synthetic peptide (40 aa, oxidized, 3 disulfides); note: replaces MBD32-P: |
MBD34-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 286 |
Mouse beta-Defensin 3 full length synthetic peptide (40 aa, linear, no disulfides); note: replaces MBD33-P |
MBD35-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 286 |
Flg15 peptide (deletion peptide 30-44 aa, Flic, P. aeruginosa) control,pure |
FLG15-P-1 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
Flg15 peptide (deletion peptide 30-44 aa, Flic, P. aeruginosa) control,pure |
FLG15-P-5 |
Alpha Diagnostics |
5 mg |
EUR 651 |
Human beta-Defensin 1 (BD-1/hBD-1) full length (36 aa, oxidized) synthetic peptide; note: replaces HBD13-P |
HBD16-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 286 |
Human beta-Defensin 2 (BD-2/hBD-2) full length synthetic peptide (41 aa, linear, no-disulfides); note: replaces HBD22-P. |
HBD24-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
100 ug |
EUR 286 |
Rinder Pest NP (RPR-NP) peptide 456-490 aa, >90% pure (specific for rinder pest NP protein and corresponding for PPR16-P) |
RPR18-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
Phaseolus vulgaris lectin P (PHA-P |
05-0115-10 |
Medicago |
10 mg |
EUR 144 |
Phaseolus vulgaris lectin P (PHA-P |
05-0115-1000 |
Medicago |
1 g |
Ask for price |
Phaseolus vulgaris lectin P (PHA-P |
05-0115-5 |
Medicago |
5 mg |
EUR 100 |
Peste des petits ruminants NP (PPR-NP) peptide 421-455 aa, >90% pure (specific for PPR protein) (corresponding rinder pest peptide #RPR17-P) |
PPR15-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
Peste des petits ruminants NP (PPR-NP) peptide 456-490 aa, >90% pure (specific for PPR protein) (corresponding rinder pest peptide #RPR18-P) |
PPR16-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
Rinder Pest NP (RPR-NP) peptide 421-455 aa, >90% pure (specific for rinder pest NP protein and corresponding peptide for PPR15-P) |
RPR17-P |
Alpha Diagnostics |
1 mg |
EUR 286 |
p-Chlorophenylalanine |
B5036-1000 |
ApexBio |
1 g |
EUR 139 |
Cfc-mtDNA levels were significantly increased in PAF patients undergoing AF treatment, especially in males and patients with AF recurrence after AF treatment. In PeAF and LS-PeAF, cfc-mtDNA levels gradually decreased. Importantly, cfc-mtDNA in serum may originate from cardiomyocytes, as in vitro tachypaced cardiomyocytes release mtDNA in the medium.
The findings suggest that cfc-mtDNA is associated with AF stage, especially in males, and with patients at risk for AF recurrence after treatment.